Sunday October 25th. to Saturday October 31st.

Sunday October 25th. to Saturday October 31st.     Reflections on the Readings at Daily Mass.

 

Sunday October 25th.  Thirtieth Sunday in Year One.

 

Readings

Exodus 22/20-26     :     Paul’s First letter to the Thessalonians 1/5-10     :     Matthew 22/34-40

Recently we have read one of Jesus’ parables as the Sunday Gospel reading each Sunday and they have challenged us and left us thinking and trying to reason out how they might apply to us. In today’s Gospel reading Jesus leaves us in no doubt as to what his teaching is and what it is asking of us.

We are reminded today, however, that Jesus’ teaching was not a novelty. It was based firmly on the teaching of the Jewish faith which he had inherited. Although Jesus enlarges on the faith of Judaism, his teaching is always firmly grounded in that faith and in today’s Gospel reading we have an exceptionally clear example of that.

What Jesus has to say in today’s Gospel reading is very well known to us.  It is that we should love God with our whole being and that we should love our neighbour as ourself. In fact, to the Pharisees’ question about which of the commandments was the greatest, Jesus replies that the whole Law and the Prophets hang upon these two commandments.

Jesus’ answer is not just a summing up of the Law. He is quoting the Hebrew Scriptures.  In the first instance he quotes Deuteronomy chapter 6, verse 5 which is the first part of the Shema, the Jewish confession of faith. It is this text with two others which is worn in the phylacteries with which Jewish men bind their heads and their arm before praying and which is placed in a container on the doorpost of every Jewish house. It is required to be said every morning and evening by every Jewish man. This first text begins with word ‘Hear!’ which is ‘shema’ in Hebrew and here it is ‘ Hear, O Israel. The Lord is our God, the Lord alone. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might’.

In the second instance, Jesus is quoting Leviticus chapter 19, verse 18 which states ‘but you shall love your neighbour as yourself. I am the Lord!’

As always, the Pharisees were seeking to trap Jesus by their question, hoping that he would single out one of the ten great commandments as the most important. Had he done that they could have entered into dispute with him about his choice. Jesus demonstrates his familiarity with the Hebrew Scriptures by quoting these two texts which sum up the whole of the Law and in this way he thwarts the Pharisees in their plot to trick him into giving an answer which they could dispute.

This passage is followed in Luke’s Gospel by Jesus telling the parable of the Good Samaritan in answer to the question ‘But who is my neighbour?’. Matthew does not give us this parable but in the first reading today we have a passage from Exodus which comments on today’s Gospel reading in a similar way. Through Moses, the Lord points out that the people of Israel have a particular duty to care for the most vulnerable in their society, the widow, the orphan, the stranger, the foreigner and the poor. These are all to be treated as Neighbours the Lord says.

It is very important that we recognise the Jewish roots of Jesus’ teaching and his familiarity with the Law and his living by it. Jesus, of course, interprets the Law and makes it applicable to real life. He reminds people always that the Law was made for them, not them for the Law. In other words, the Law is there to help them fulfil the two great commandments to love God and to love the neighbour as oneself.

Jesus will take the Law even further when he teaches his disciples and followers that in loving their neighbour they are, in fact, loving God. Jesus makes this very clear in the parable of the Last Judgement (Matthew 25/31-46). The two commandments are, in fact, one! As we read in John First letter (1 John 4/20-23) ‘Those who say “I love God” and hate their brothers and sisters are liars for those who do not love a brother or a sister whom they have seen, cannot love God whom they have not seen. The commandment we have from him is this, those who love God must love their brothers and sisters also’.

The reading from Paul’s First letter to the Thessalonians follows on from that which read last Sunday in which Paul greeted those to whom the Letter is addressed. Paul congratulated them for their faith in action, their love and their perseverance through hope. In today’s extract Paul goes on to comment on how the Thessalonian Christians have started to imitate him in their way of life and how fully they have taken to the Gospel in spite of the difficulties with which they are surrounded. Paul tells the Thessalonian Christians how they have become an example to all the churches around them. In a beautiful phrase Paul says that he doesn’t have to tell other people about them, other people tell him! Paul praises them for having broken with false gods and having given themselves wholly to the service of the living God. Paul reminds them that they are living in expectation of the return of Jesus. We know, of course, that this return, much anticipated at that time proved not to be as imminent as they had thought. What mattered for them and, indeed, for us is that we must be always waiting for the coming of the Lord and we and they have come to realise that he does come to us in so many ways  and constantly. Here we return to the Gospel reading and how the Lord comes to us in all who need our love and our care.

Today’s readings invite us to look at ourselves and our Christian faith and to ask ourselves how much we do keep these two great commandments. There is still the danger that we separate these two loves and think that by going to Mass, saying our prayers and so on we are loving God but, unless these help us to love our neighbours, we are deceiving ourselves. The two are one. There can be no exception. We are called to love absolutely everyone. At this time, especially, this must apply to those who are refugees and all who are suffering through warfare since the present pandemic can easily make us forget these, our neighbours.

As you know, some of us are involved in trying to r=house a Syrian refugee family and we will most surely need your help in this in the days to come. But it is also close to home that there are those who need our love and care, the lonely, the elderly, the single parent and so on. Don’t let’s wait, let’s cross the road to meet them and befriend them.

Today is also a day to remember our Jewish brothers and sisters to whom we owe so much and who are one with us in our faith in the one God. We give thanks for their faithfulness throughout the centuries in spite of persecution and suffering. We give thanks for the Holy Scriptures which they have handed on to us and which we still share with them. Whenever we take up the Bible to read we might well pray for our Jewish sisters and brothers and for a greater understanding between us and, of course, for peace in that land which for them and us is Holy.

 

Monday October 26th.Monday Week Thirty Year Two. Memory Chad and Cedd (+672 and +664)

 

Readings

Letter to the Ephesians 4/32-5/8     :     Luke 13/10-17

In today’s extract from the Letter to the Ephesians, after speaking about God’s great plan which we read of on Saturday last, the writer went on to remind the non-Jewish Christians  how they had to give up their former way of life which was the result of their living in ‘dark ignorance’. The rules of the new life reflect the commandments of the Old Law and are about how to treat others.

Now in today’s extract after telling the Ephesian Christians that they are to be ‘friends with one another and kind, forgiving each other as God forgave them in Christ, the writer goes on to say that they are to ‘imitate God’ as they have come to know him in Christ. They must behave as the children that he loves and they must ‘follow Christ by loving as he loved them’. The writer sees this as either ‘walking ‘ in the darkness of their previous life or ‘walking’ in the ‘light of their new life in Christ’.

The writer emphasises the loose morals of the pagans who live around these new Christians and the corruption of the society in which they live. Their way of life must make them ‘children of the light’ so that others will see how they live and be led to imitate them. The writer among many other failings, condemns ‘bad conversation’. All too often we go along with what is being said around us rather than standing up for what we believe to right. Racist comments, unkindness, sexist remarks and so, we ought to be ready to speak out.

In today’s reading from Luke’s Gospel, after the warning that we heard in last Saturday’s extract today’s reading might come as a surprise. It does, however, tie in well with the gradual build up of opposition to Jesus from the Scribes and the Pharisees. The story in today’s Gospel reading is unique to Luke’s Gospel but it serves well as an opportunity for the conflict between Jesus and the religious authorities to develop. Instead of just recounting the healing of a woman, this episode leads to a dispute about whether it was lawful for healing to be done on the Sabbath day. Jesus shows his opponents how hypocritical they are since they would be willing to untie their ox or their ass to take them to water on the Sabbath day but would criticise him for unbinding this woman from an ailment with which she had been afflicted for eighteen years. It is not just possible to heal the woman on the Sabbath day, Jesus says, it is an absolute necessity.

This episode reflects the way in which Luke brings women into the picture and shows Jesus to be especially concerned for them and their needs. Sexism is still rampant in our society today and, as the followers of Jesus, we ought always to be on the look out for it so that we may combat it with the same compassion that Jesus showed this afflicted woman.

We remember today all who are physically handicapped with chronic conditions, especially those who have to live in institutions and we remember all who care for and support them.

 

Memory of Chad (+672) and Cedd (+664), bishops and missionaries.

Chad and Cedd were brothers, educated at Lindisfarne under the great saint Aidan who we remembered on August the thirty first.

Cedd founded many monasteries and was sent to bring the Gospel to the East Saxons. His preaching was so successful that Finan of Lindisfarne ordained him bishop and he established himself at Bradwell-on-Sea and Tilbury.He founded numerous monasteries there and on a visit to Northumbria in 658 he was given land for the foundation of a monastery at Lastingham in North Yorkshire.

Cedd took part in the great Synod of Whitby in 663-4 but shortly after that he died of the plague at Lastingham where he was buried. His relics were later taken to Lichfield to join those of his brother Chad. The ancient church at Bradwell shows the influence that Rome had on Cedd. It has very Roman character and is still standing today.

Chad was abbot of Lastingham when he was chosen to be bishop of Northumbria but his ordination was contested by Wilfred. Chad withdrew to his monastery but he was then chosen to be bishop of Mercia and founded the see of Lichfield. During his short life Chad was already revered as a saint because of his holiness, his outstanding humility and his commitment to preaching the Gospel. Chad died on March 2nd., 672 and was buried at Lichfield where his shrine still remains. We celebrate these two brothers today because it is the anniversary of the death of Cedd.

We remember today the churches of the North of England and we pray for their growing together and their eventual unity. We pray for the diocese of Lichfield and its bishop who is Chad’s successor and we pray for all who visit the shrine of these two saints.

 

Tuesday October 27th.  Tuesday in Week Thirty in Year two.

 

Readings

Letter to the Ephesians 5/21-33     :     Luke 13/18-21

Today’s reading from the letter to the Ephesian Christians speaks of the life of the Christian household. This does not make for easy reading because the writer compares the relationship between husband and wife with the relationship between Christ and the Church. Because the writer is comparing this relationship of husband and wife to that between the Church and Christ, its head, the wife is seen to be subject to the husband as the Church is to Christ.

This extract begins with the injunction that Christians ought to give way to one another out of reverence for Christ and this is then applied to husband and wife. The lyrical language of verses 25 to 27 is thought by some to have come from a hymn for Baptism and it puts Christ and the Church into the relationship of husband and wife  so that both the love for and the subjection of the wife to the husband are given a uniquely Christian stamp.. The obligation of the husband to love his wife is actually treated more extensively than the obligation of the wife to be subject to her husband! This reflects the reality that Christ’s love for the Church is infinitely greater than the Church’s response to him.

This is essentially a passage about Christ and the Church and only then about the relationship between husband and wife and we must always remember that. Though this is rooted in and understanding of God’s original plan for the union between man and woman, it elevates the relationship to a higher level than the understanding of marriage which was current at the time even among the Jewish people. We must also take into account that this thinking was a development of what was accepted as normal in the world of that time, that women were naturally subject to men. We can retain the imagery of marriage being applied to the Church and its Lord but can we, perhaps, go further and ask whether any relationship of friendship and love does not reflect that relationship?

The Gospel reading follows that of yesterday and Luke places this episode here quite deliberately. The Kingdom of God proclaimed by Jesus is like the seed planted and hidden that grows into a tree. It is like the yeast lost in the flour that leavens the whole of the dough. So it is that with small and hidden acts of liberation, like that which Jesus had just worked with the woman in the Synagogue, the Kingdom of God grows slowly and silently. By freeing the woman from her eighteen years of physical handicap, the victory over the Kingdom of evil had been won and Jesus’ prophetic mission to ‘proclaim liberty to captives’ was fulfilled.

We must be on the lookout for these small and often hidden occasions when the Reign of God’s love is growing silently and quietly among us springing up in unexpected ways and places and how true that has been during these months of the pandemic when so many small acts of heroism have been quietly happening among people of every faith and none.

For all of this we must give God thanks for the Spirit who is at work among us.

 

Wednesday October 28th.  Feast of the Apostles Simon and Jude.

 

The scriptures tell us very little about these two Apostles and after the resurrection we hear no more of them.

In Luke’s Gospel Simon is called ‘the Zealot’ which may mean merely that he was a man of strong beliefs and actions who took the Jewish Law and customs very seriously. It is though also possible that Simon had belonged to a radical group among the Jews who were known as Zealots, who hated the Roman overlords for taking their land from them and who wanted to use force to remove them.

An Eastern tradition has it that Simon met his death in Edessa but the Roman tradition has him proclaiming the Gospel in Egypt and then, joined by Jude, who had been in Mesopotamia, they journeyed together to Persia where they were martyred together.                                                    In the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, Jude is called Thaddaeus and is usually identified as the brother of James and on of ‘the brethren of the Lord’. He is also said to be the author of the Epistle of Jude in the New Testament and legend has it that he suffered martyrdom with Simon.

The supposed relics of these Apostles were taken to Rome in the seventh or eighth century and the date of their feast today may be due to the fact that their relics were buried in Saint Peter’s Basilica on this day.

In more recent times Jude has become the patron saint of ‘hopeless cases’. The only reason for this must be that since Jude’s name is so close to that of Judas, the traitor, no one prayed to him and so he was more available to help those in dire need!

 

Readings

Paul’s Letter to the Ephesians 2/19-22     :     Luke 6/12-16

Since there is virtually nothing about these two Apostles in the New Testament the two readings are about Apostles in general. In the extract from the letter to the Ephesians the writer reminds us that the Church is built upon the foundations of the prophets and the Apostles since it was they who bore witness to the risen Lord and who want far and wide to proclaim his Gospel.

The Gospel reading reminds us of how Jesus chose the Twelve after spending the night in prayer to the Father.

We remember and give thanks to day that we are part of that Church built upon the Apostles. Their role was to bear witness to the risen Lord and to proclaim him everywhere they went.  In this way they laid the foundations of many Christian communities from which sprang the Church as we now know it. It is an awe-inspiring thought that we are part of that movement begun by them two thousand years ago and it is something for which we must always be grateful.

We remember those who have inherited the task laid on the Apostles, our Bishops, and we pray that they and we may be faithful to that Apostolic faith which they passed on to us.

We might also remember all those who believe themselves to be ‘hopeless cases’ and pray for them.

 

Thursday October 29th.  Thursday in Week Thirty in Year Two.

 

Readings

Letter to the Ephesians 6/10-20     :     Luke 12/31-35

Today we come to the last of our extracts from the Letter to the Ephesians. The writer uses the language of armour and weapons in a final exhortation about the ongoing battle with the principalities and powers of this world. Earlier in the Letter the writer told us that Christ is seated above all such powers (Ephesians 1/20-21) and God’s mysterious plan for all has been made known through the Church (Ephesians 3/9-10). Now we are brought to recognise that the divine struggle with the powers of evil continues even though we know the outcome. It is this struggle in which are also engaged to make the world the Kingdom, the Reign of God’s love. Finally Paul asks for prayers for himself that in this struggle he may be allowed to proclaim the mystery of the Gospel.

The magnificent self-description of Paul ‘an ambassador in chains’ brings to an end the theme of Paul triumphing with God’s help, so that no human hindrance can prevent him from pursuing his vocation  which was announced at the beginning of the Letter, of being ‘an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God’.

The Gospel reading today is again a passage that is unique to Luke’s Gospel. It is a difficult because it seems to contain contradictions. Jesus was, in fact, moving away from Herod’s territory of Galilee to go up to Jerusalem so why should the Pharisees seem to be telling him to move on? The whole episode needs to be seen as part of Luke’s design to show how the Pharisees are putting Jesus to the test.  If Jesus seeks to save himself from Herod then he must be a false prophet but if he insists in going on to Jerusalem where he says he ‘must’ go, then they will have to treat the matter more seriously. The reference to Jesus’ attaining his end on the third day will be read by the Christians for whom Luke’s Gospel was being written as a reference to his resurrection.

The whole passage ends with Jesus mourning over Jerusalem where prophets have been killed in the past and the messengers of God stoned to death, the punishment for blasphemy because their message has not been accepted but seen as blasphemy. Jesus uses the beautiful image of the hen gathering her chicks under her wings to show how his care for Jerusalem is like that of God caring for his people, an image used frequently in the Hebrew Scriptures. Their refusal to accept Jesus will mean however that they are left abandoned and desolate.

The passage ends with Jesus quoting psalm 117, the great psalm of the resurrection which we sing every Sunday during Morning Prayer or Prayer during the Day. This psalm will be used by the crowds as Jesus enters Jerusalem and looks forward to his achieving his purpose with his death and his resurrection.

What does this passage say to us today? Above all it shows Jesus’ determination to achieve his purpose and, finally, to offer himself in death on Calvary. Can we draw inspiration from Jesus’ determination to persevere when the going gets difficult and to let nothing deflect us from what we know to be the right course of action.

 

Friday October 30th. Friday in Week Thirty in Year Two.  Martyrs of Winchester (+1582-1593)

 

The Martyrs of Winchester are only commemorated in the diocese of Portsmouth and so if you live outside the diocese you will not find them mentioned.

Among the many who died for the adherence to the ‘old’ church, five suffered in Winchester which is in the Portsmouth diocese and the reason for our remembering them.

John Slade was a schoolmaster and was arrested in June 1582 and imprisoned with John Body, another schoolmaster who was executed at Andover on November 3rd., 1582. John Slade was put to death in Winchester on October 30th., 1582.

Roger Diccinson was ordained priest abroad in 1583 and returned to work in Winchester. After a short while he was arrested and deported but came back to England again and worked in Worcestershire. He returned to Winchester in 1591 and was arrested while presiding at Mass.  He was tried for his priesthood and was executed in Winchester on July 7th., 1591.

Ralph Milner was a Hampshire man and was reconciled with the Roman church in middle age. He was arrested the day after he had received his first Communion as a Roman Catholic but his imprisonment was such that it allowed him to continue to do a lot of charitable work in the county. He was arrested again with Roger Diccinson and was executed with him on July 7th., 1591.

Lawrence Humphreys was also a Hampshire man and was reconciled with the Roman church at the age of eighteen and worked then as a catechist. He was arrested after falling ill and seeming to utter insulting language about the Queen in his delirium. He was condemned and on the scaffold made a public confession of his faith before being executed. The exact date of his death is uncertain but it was certainly between 1589 and 1593.

James Bird was born in Winchester where his father held public office. James was reconciled to the Roman church in 1584. He was arrested in 1592 and condemned for his faith. He was put to death on March 25th. 1593, which that year was the Vigil of Easter Day.

Remembering these five men reminds us of the bloody days of the Reformation when Christian people believed it right to put each other to death because of their differences of faith. It is good to remember this because in our own day we are faced with atrocities committed in the name of religion. We Christians cannot adopt the high moral ground since we too have done terrible things in the name of God.

We pray for a better understanding between Christians of different churches and for a willingness to set aside our differences in order to work together to proclaim the love of God in the world together.

There are proper readings for the Martyrs but almost certainly those of the day will be used

 

Readings

Letter to the Philippians 1/1-11     :     Luke 14/1-6

We begin to read the Letter to the Philippians today and we shall be reading it for the next week.

Paul had crossed over the sea with Silas and Timothy from the Province of Asia, present day Turkey, to Macedonia, present day Northern Greece in the year 50-51 C.E.  They landed at the port of Neapolis where the great Roman highway, the Via Egnatia, ran down to the sea.  Since the roads were not always well maintained, Philippi, some ten miles inland, depended heavily on commerce coming up the short stretch of the road from the Mediterranean. This was where

Paul and his companions immediately went since it was a major Roman city with many veterans of earlier army campaigns. It was here that Paul proclaimed the Gospel and founded the first Christian community in Europe. (Acts of the Apostles 16/11-15). Though their stay was probably quite brief they had considerable success among both Jews and non-Jews and a century later, Polycarp was able to speak of the strength of their faith which was still flourishing. at the beginning it was a merchant woman, Lydia, a seller of purple goods and a sympathiser towards Judaism, who was baptised with all her household and who offered her house for Paul’s use during his stay.

It would seem that the position of women in Philippi was quite prominent and later in his letter Paul refers to two other women, Evodia and Syntyche, who had been co-workers with him. Their names and the names of Epaphroditus and Clement would seem to indicate that there was a high proportion of non-Jews in the Christian community there.

Another incident in Philippi caused Paul and Silas to be hauled before the magistrates as troublesome Jews and so it is no wonder that Paul says that they suffered and were shamefully treated there.  (1 Thessalonians 2/2). After this episode Paul and Silas left for Thessalonika.

Scholars do not dispute that this Letter was written by Paul himself, probably about the year 56 C.E. though some would put it later in 58-60 C.E. if written from Caesarea  or 6-63 C.E. if written from Rome.  Some scholars suggest that his letter is made up of two or even three letters oput together but most agree that it is all one piece.

This letter is a strong confirmation of the special relationship which the Philippian church had with Paul. There is between them a strong bond of friendship and the human attraction of Paul is shown by the loyalty which the Philippian Christians had towards him. Besides the bonds of friendship which are evident in the letter, it also reflects the thoughts which have been forced upon him by his imprisonment for preaching the Gospel.

Paul’s motive for writing the letter is to encourage the Philippian Christians and to try to deal with some of the internal problems which they are facing.
In today’s extract e read both the greeting to the church of Philippi which is followed by a prolonged thanksgiving for their faith and witness and the prayer that they may grow in their love for one another. Paul expresses almost passionately his love for the Philippian Christians and how much he misses them. In touching words Paul says that his prayer for them is that their love for each other may increase more and more and never stop improving their knowledge and deepening their perception so that you can always recognise what is best. In all of this short extract we can see Paul’s conviction that the Holy Spirit is at work in the Philippian church and he is confident of their progress in the faith of Christ.

For us today it must make us reflect on our own communities and to ask ourselves where is that warmth and affection that was so obviously there among those Philippian Christians. 

In the Gospel reading the struggle between Jesus and the Pharisees continues and Jesus is at a meal in one of their houses. This time Jesus does not wait for them to make accusations but takes the initiative in asking them whether it is against the Law to cure on the Sabbath Day. The Pharisees remain silent because they know that whatever answer they give, they will fall into

the trap that Jesus has laid for them. Jesus rubs it in however by reminding them if their son or even their ox fell into a well on the Sabbath day they would pull him out. Common sense tells them that this must be right and also the fact that the love of neighbour overrides all the details of the Law. How much more must it be right to heal the man with the dropsy on the Sabbath Day.

Again Jesus is reminding them that the Law and the Sabbath are meant to help them keep the universal Law of love whereas they have made the Law a mine-field of rules and regulations that few could observe. For us too we must never lose sight that what is important is love of our neighbours and not the keeping of rules and regulations.

 

Saturday October 31st.  Saturday in Week Thirty in Year Two.

 

Readings

Letter to the Philippians 1/18-26     :     Luke 14/1, 7-11

In today’s extract from the Letter to the Philippians Paul speaks of his situation in prison and his attitude towards death. It would seem to show that Paul’ understanding of the coming again of Christ has changed and he has to wrestle with whether it is better to die and be with Christ or to live and to await his coming.  Paul seems to come down on the side of surviving so that he can continue to be of use to the Philippias Christian community when he sees them again.
This is an illuminating passage because it shows Paul struggling in his mind with what is best both for himself and for the Philippian Christians who are so dear to him.

Here as elsewhere in this letter we get a clear picture of the warm affection Paul has for his brothers and sisters in Christ. In fact, this Letter has been singled out as an example of what friendship in Christ truly means.

In the Gospel extract we continue the account of the meal that Jesus took in the house of one of leading Pharisees. His fellow guests are all lawyers and Pharisees and they have invited Jesus to share a meal with them on the Sabbath day. The invitation would seem to be hypocritical since the Pharisees really want to observe Jesus and catch him out if they can. As we saw yesterday, Jesus was the one to take the initiative and to put the Pharisees on the spot.

As we continue the account of this meal today, Jesus knows how these men believe themselves to be law-abiding and righteous, expecting to be honoured by ordinary people. Jesus reproaches them for this and reminds them that the truly sincere and honest person would not take the first place but would act humbly and, perhaps, be singled out for honour by the host. But the message for them as for us is in the last sentence, ‘Everyone who exalts themselves will be humbled’ and ‘whoever humbles themselves will be exalted’. Again this is God turning our human values upside down. It is not the great and the important people in the eyes of the world who are first but the little people and the outcasts who nobody notices.

These attitudes ought to be reflected in our communities. Who do we treat as most important? Who are given the first places in our meetings together? We all know the answer but have we got it the wrong way round?

In this present time of Pandemic, we have time to reflect on Jesus’ words and to ask ourselves whether we want our church to continue to reflect all these false and worldly values or whether we want it to be truly according to the mind of Jesus where the first are last and the last first and where all are welcome, especially the most neglected and despised. Is it time to start afresh and to build a church that is a reflection of what the coming Kingdom of God must be like?

 

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